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Giannina Braschi
Giannina Braschi (born February 5, 1953) is a Puerto Rican writer. She is credited with writing the first Spanglish novel ''Yo-Yo Boing!'' (1998), the post-modern poetry trilogy ''Empire of Dreams'' (Yale, 1994) and the philosophical fiction ''United States of Banana'' (AmazonCrossing, 2011), which chronicles the Latin American immigrants' experiences in the United States. "For decades, Dominican and Puerto Rican authors have carried out a linguistic revolution", noted ''The Boston Globe'', "and Giannina Braschi, especially in her novel ''YO-YO BOING!'', testify to it".〔''The Boston Globe'', "Spanglish is everywhere now, which is no problema for some, but a pain in the cuello for purists", by Ilan Stavans, 9/14/2003.〕 She is considered an influential and revolutionary voice in contemporary Latin American literature. Her work has been described as a "synergetic fusion that marks in a determinant fashion the lived experiences of U.S. Hispanics."〔''The Review of Contemporary Fiction'', Review of Giannina Braschi's ''Yo-Yo Boing'', by David William Foster, 1999.〕 Written in English, Spanglish, and Spanish, Braschi's work seeks to capture the cultural experience of the 50 million Hispanics in the United States and also seeks to explore the three political options of Puerto Rico: Nation, Colony or Statehood. On the subject of the Island's lack of sovereignty, Braschi stated, "Liberty is not an option — it is a human right."〔(El Nuevo Dia News, Puerto Rico, September 24, 2012 )〕
==Literary influences==
In the 1970s, Giannina Braschi was a student of literature in Madrid, Rome, Paris and London, before she settled in New York City. She obtained a PhD in Hispanic Literatures (State University of New York, Stony Brook, 1980) and has taught at Rutgers University, City University of New York, and Colgate University, where she served as a Distinguished Chair of Creative Writing (1997). She was a foreign correspondent for ''Grazie'' magazine (2001–2002).
As an adolescent in San Juan, Giannina Braschi ranked first place in the U.S. Tennis Association's national tournament in Puerto Rico, becoming the youngest female tennis player to win the Women's Division (1966) on the island. Her father Euripides ("Pilo") Braschi was also a tennis champion. She was also a founding member of the San Juan Children's Choir ("Coro de niños de San Juan") under music director Evy Lucio and a fashion model during her teen years.〔Díaz, Carmen Graciela, El Nuevo Dia, "Avion, sol y libertad," November 17, 2011 ()〕
In the 1980s, Braschi's early writings were scholarly in nature and focused on the titans of the Spanish Golden Age, as well as the vanguard poets of Latin America and Spain. She published a book on the Romantic poet Gustavo Adolfo Becquer and essays on Cervantes, Garcilaso, César Vallejo, Juan Ramon Jimenez and Federico García Lorca. She later became obsessed with the dramatic and philosophical works of French, German, Polish, Irish, and Russian authors. Though categorized as novels, her later mixed-genre works are experimental in style and format and celebratory of foreign influences.〔Braschi, Giannina, "What to Read Now: Mixed-Genre Literature", World Literature Today, September–October 2012 ()〕 In the 50th anniversary edition of Evergreen Review, Braschi notes that she considers herself "more French than Beckett, Picasso and Gertrude Stein", and believes that she is the "granddaughter of Alfred Jarry and Antonin Artaud, bastard child of Samuel Beckett and James Joyce, half-sister to Heiner Müller, kissing cousin of Tadeusz Kantor, and lover of Witkiewicz".〔''The Evergreen Review's 50th Anniversary Edition'', (www.evergreenreview.com), Giannina Braschi, 2007.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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